For ultrasensitive chemosensory applications, colorimetric and fluorescent nanofibers engender a linear range, the lowest detection limit, and faster response toward harmful toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and other toxicants including gases, pH, temperature, humidity, and cancer cells. The reliable features such as detection range, response / recovery time, stability and portability is in its urgency for achieving its lifetime applicability. Abundant number of sensor has acquired its wide and pivotal role in establishing the peaceful and healthy environments. Heavy metal and other toxicant detection in natural resources like water, air, soil and food is vital for environmental safety, personal hygiene, and public health care. The developed materials and technology could be the basis for 3D manufacturing of bioceramic implants for medicine. The formation of blue CoAl2O4 allows us to improve the resolution of DLP based stereolithographic printed green bodies and sintered samples of the ceramics based on ZrO2-Al2O3. The obtained materials demonstrated the absence of cytotoxicity and good cytocompatibility. Due to the prevention of enlarging grains and to the formation of the dense microstructure in ceramic based on the tetragonal ZrO2 and Al2O3 with 0.33 mol% Co the bending strength of 720 ± 33 MPa was obtained after sintering at 1400 ☌. The further increase of Co concentration resulted in the formation of both substitutional and interstitial sites in solid solution and appearance of CoAl2O4 confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, which stimulates grain growth. The addition of a low amount of Co (0.33 mol%) allows us to decrease the sintering temperature, to improve the mechanical properties of ceramics, to preserve the nanoscale size of grains at 1350–1400 ☌. The influence of Co addition on the sintering temperature, phase composition, microstructure, mechanical and biomedical properties of the obtained composite materials, and on the resolution of the digital light processing (DLP) printed and sintered ceramic samples was investigated. Different amounts of Co (0–3 mol%) were introduced into synthesized powders, and ceramic materials were obtained by heat treatment in the air for 2 h at 1350–1550 ☌. Nanocrystalline 3 mol% yttria-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) ceramic powder containing 5 wt.% Al2O3 with 64 m2/g specific area was synthesized through precipitation method. This paper provides a review of some of the reports on the development of nanostructured polyamide-based chemical sensors in the last two decades (2000-2020). Polyamide nanofibers are used nowadays to make various types of sensors. These characteristics make polyamide nanofibers good candidates for sensor development. Furthermore, the amide groups in polyamide enable it to interact with other molecules via hydrogen bonding. Polyamide nanofibers have properties such as good chemical resistance, very good strength and hardness, high wear resistance, and high surface area to volume ratio, and they are porous, just to name a few. The choice of a polymer material to be used depends on whether it has the potential to give the properties of the desired sensor. Nanofibers have shown great potential to contribute to the growing demand for point of care sensors and other kinds of sensors where they are utilized as supporting materials or used to interact with other materials through their functional groups. Preliminary field studies that rely on drones for deployment and for remote colorimetric analysis by machine learning interpretation of digital images illustrate scenarios for practical use. Experimental and theoretical investigations of the aerodynamics of these systems reveal design considerations that include not only the geometries of the structures but also their mass distributions across a range of bioinspired designs. Here, we introduce environmentally degradable materials as the basis of 3D fliers that allow remote, colorimetric assessments of multiple environmental parameters-pH, heavy metal concentrations, and ultraviolet exposure, along with humidity levels and temperature. Initial studies indicate potential for technologies of this type, but advances in structural and responsive materials and in aerodynamically optimized geometries are necessary to improve the functionality and expand the modes of operation. Recently reported winged microelectronic systems offer passive flight mechanisms as a dispersal strategy for purposes in environmental monitoring, population surveillance, pathogen tracking, and other applications.
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